A seat for a ball valve having a housing formed with a fluid passageway extending therethrough, a ball disposed within the housing and in registry with the fluid passage way and a handle for rotating the ball, said seat comprising: a spheroid portion shaped to closely overlie a portion of the ball presented to the fluid passageway of the housing; opening formed in the spheroid portion of the seat; the opening shaped for allowing flow to initiate through a valve when a valve handle has a rotational location of equal to or greater than twenty percent open, and preventing flow through the valve when the valve handle is at a rotational location less than twenty percent open. Mechanical refrigeration, is the utilization of mechanical components arranged in a "refrigeration system" for the purpose of transferring heat. The gas transmission coefficient of the compressor is greatly reduced, and when the compression ratio is ≥20, = 0. An example of a modulating air conditioning system is a VRV or VRF system. JOHN BEAN TECHNOLOGIES AB, SWEDEN, Free format text: Since the flash gas may account for more than half of the mass of the vapor flowing through the compression system 10, the energy savings are significant. Refrigerants , are chemical compounds that are alternately compressed and condensed into a liquid and then permitted to expand into a vapor or gas as they are pumped through the mechanical refrigeration system to cycle. 7A and 7B, in one embodiment, needle valve seat 201 and valve needle 203 may be replaced with an expansion valve head 223, which may be attached to the distal end of the direct injection system. 5. INTRODUCTION Vapour compression refrigeration systems are the most commonly used refrigeration systems, and each system employs a compressor. ... Chapter 3 contains a full description of the dynamic model of a two-stage refrigeration system, and Chapter 4 presents the ACSL simulation model implemented and illustrates its validity. A ball with an opening formed therethrough is rotatably supported in the cavity between the inlet and outlet passages. In the present invention, the pump 43 is provided, and there is no equivalent device in Strong. The recirculation line of the present invention helps prevent the settling of solid refrigerant particles and the clogging of the outer 31. The mixing tank 37′ has a first outlet 5′, second outlet 34′, a first inlet 31′, and a second inlet 17′. A thermocouple is made up of two different metal wires that are united at both ends. The condenser receiving tank stores the liquid CO2 condensate and is maintained at a higher pressure than the intermediate slurry tank. In a further aspect of the invention, the slurry from the intermediate pressure tank 37 may be sent to the evaporator 3 using the pressure supplied by the expanded flash gas, without the need for further pumping. A refrigerator direct injection system as claimed in, 35. 4. Blocked filter at the drier or expansion valve. a sixth conduit connecting the condenser receiving tank outlet to the first inlet of the intermediate slurry tank. The Refrigerant Leaves The Condenser As A Saturated Liquid And Is Throttled To A Flash Chamber Operating At 0.5 MPa. The proximal end of inner pipe 207 has an inlet 208 for receiving refrigerant 17. This expansion may cause several problems. The liquid CO2 is expanded either on its way to the intermediate slurry tank or in the tank itself. A two-stage refrigeration system includes an intermediate slurry tank for receiving and storing a refrigerant vapor and a slurry of solid sublimatable refrigerant particles in a liquid. These readings can be used by the control system 28 to control the position of the valve 18 in the conduit 19 to control the flow of refrigerants into the intermediate slurry tank 37. Any substances with corresponding properties could be used. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). 2. The intermediate slurry tank is preferably maintained below the triple point of CO2. The curved portion 111 serves to seal the seat against the ball. In one embodiment, the insulation gap between the outer and inner pipes may contain air. A first conduit 4′ connects the first mixing tank outlet 5′ to the inlet of the evaporator 6′. FIGS. Referring to FIGS. The prior art of Strong describes agitating the bottoms of mixing tank 37′ by feeding back slurry from conduit 4′. The refrigerant and liquid for use in conjunction with the present invention may be composed of several substances. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:FMC CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:012818/0963, Free format text: The condensing temperature (or condensing pressure) of a refrigeration system depends on the temperature of the coolant (or environment), while the evaporating temperature (or evaporating pressure) depends on the refrigeration requirements. The expansion valve head 223 may include a rotor 225 and expansion nozzle valve seat 227. A pipe 34′ and pressure regulator 35′ transfers vapor between the mixing tank 37′ and the separator 36′. The vapour refrigerant is compressed in a two stage centrifugal compressor driven by a steam turbine. 3, in one embodiment of the present invention, the refrigerant used in conjunction with the invention can be carbon dioxide (CO2) and the liquid can be d'limonene, the intermediate slurry tank 37 receives and stores CO2 vapor as well as a slurry of CO2, particles in the d'limonene liquid. 31. an eighth conduit connecting the condenser receiving tank outlet to the second intermediate slurry tank inlet. The separator 36′ discharges directly to the mixing tank 37′ by the shared opening separator first outlet 31′ and first inlet of the mixing tank 31′. While a throttling only passes through one expansion valve, most refrigerants are throttled directly from condensing pressure to evaporating pressure. 1. The energy gains are greatest at sublimation temperatures well below the triple point. More particularly the invention relates to an extremely low temperature two-stage refrigeration system capable of utilizing refrigerant vapor and a slurry of solid sublimatable refrigerant particles in a liquid. The valve may be shut when freeze-up conditions are near. Hermetic low and high pressure compressors 3. The extended spindle 211 may be connected to rotor 225 by socket 231. Referring to FIG. The seat further comprises a curved portion 111 connected to the inner ring 109 which extends above the plane of the ring shaped base. Conventional Refrigeration Cycle To address this problem the present invention provides a seat 101 positioned at the downstream side of the valve, that restricts flow until the valve 18 is open far enough to ensure that the pressure drop is taken at the downstream opening of the valve. V1, MURALEEDHARAN.C Department of Mechanical Engineering National Institute of … A two-stage refrigeration system includes an intermediate slurry tank for receiving and storing a refrigerant vapor and a slurry of solid sublimatable refrigerant particles in a liquid. One of the problems with Strong, that the present invention seeks to solve, includes the potential plugging of the system due to the particles of refrigerant clogging or freezing shut conduits, valves, or inlets and outlets. for transferring liquid from evaporator to boiler, Flow restrictors, e.g. Generally, two-stage compressed ammonia refrigeration system adopts intermediate complete cooling, while two-stage compressed Freon Refrigeration System Adopts Intermediate Incomplete Cooling. (Bottom on mobile) The cascade cycle is often employed for devices such as ULT freezers. Connecting the two circuits is a heat exchanger known as a cascade condenser. The present invention relates to a refrigeration system. Cascade systems. The large volume of slurry in the intermediate slurry tank 37 can be stirred by the addition of refrigerant from the condenser receiving tank 16. Therefore, the two-stage compression refrigeration system with one throttling is adopted in practice. A main slurry tank 36 receives and stores at least the refrigerant vapor and the liquid. An example two-stage process is shown at right. The separated flash gas can be returned to the compression system 10 for compression. Multi-stage refrigeration systems are an area of growing industrial importance in large plants. A conduit 50 connects the condenser outlet 22 and the condenser receiving tank inlet 23. In such cases multi-stage systems are used in practice. The main slurry tank sends the slurry back to the intermediate slurry tank 37, and sends the vapor to the compression system 10. A conduit 40 connects the second outlet of the intermediate slurry tank 41 and the intermediate pressure inlet of the compression system 42. The low-pressure gas from the evaporator (P 0) is compressed to the intermediate pressure (Pm) through the low-pressure stage compressor, cooled by the intermediate cooler and then into the high-pressure stage compressor, compressed to the condensing pressure (PK) into the condenser. The illustrated pin 233 is insertable into a cross hole formed in the socket 231 to secure the rotor 225 to socket 231. The refrigeration systems with CO 2 seem to be attractive choices for the design of refrigeration systems with small environmental impact. A main slurry tank receives and stores the discharge from evaporator. carried out in two or more stages is called compound or multistage compression refrigeration system. an intermediate slurry tank for receiving and storing a refrigerant vapor and a slurry of solid sublimatable refrigerant particles in a liquid having a first outlet for outflow of the slurry within the slurry tank, a second outlet for outflow of the refrigerant vapor in the tank, a first inlet for receiving at least the liquid, and a second inlet for receiving the refrigerant; a main slurry tank for receiving and storing at least the refrigerant vapor and the liquid, having a first outlet for outflow of at least the liquid, a second outlet for outflow of the refrigerant vapor, and an inlet; a third conduit connecting the first outlet of the main slurry tank with the first inlet of the intermediate slurry tank; a fourth conduit connecting the second outlet of the main slurry tank and the low pressure inlet of the compression system; a fifth conduit connecting the second outlet of the intermediate slurry tank and the intermediate pressure inlet of the compression system; a sixth conduit connecting the compression system outlet and the condenser inlet; a condenser receiving tank having an inlet for receiving refrigerant and an outlet for outflow of refrigerant; a seventh conduit connecting the condenser outlet and the condenser receiving tank inlet; and. The needle 203 may be attached to the distal end of a spindle 211 which is disposed inside of inner pipe 207. Interaction Analysis of a Two-Stage Refrigeration Control System, IChemE Research Event 1997, Volume 2: 741-744 Asmar, B.N., J.A. The intermediate slurry tank 37 sends the slurry to the evaporator 3, the slurry being fed through a pump or by utilizing pressure and/or gravity from the intermediate slurry tank 37. the evaporator with the first unit cools the condenser of the second unit). At certain flow rates and pressures the direct injection system 200 may freeze. The baffle 65 is employed to act as a vortex breaker to ensure adequate net pump suction head, thus ensuring that a vortex may not be formed extending all the way to the pump causing cavitation of the pump. In another aspect of the invention, the compression system 10 of the present invention may be of various arrangements. 7A illustrates a cross sectional view of an expansion nozzle head for use with the direct injection system according to a further aspect of the present invention; FIG. The sublimator returns sublimated particles and remainder slurry to a separator. A two-stage cycle with incomplete cooling in the middle of a throttling operation, in which the steam from the evaporator is sucked in by a low-pressure compressor through a regenerator Compressed to the intermediate pressure and mixed with the dry saturated steam from the intercooler in the pipeline, so that the superheated steam from the low-pressure machine is cooled and then into the high-pressure compressor, after compression to the condensation pressure and into the condenser, the condensed high-pressure refrigerant liquid enters the serpentine coil of the intercooler for re-cooling, and then enters the regenerator for heat exchange with the low-temperature and low-pressure steam from the evaporator. These seats each have sealing surfaces for engagement with the ball on one side and the valve body on the other. Alternatively multiple compressors may be used with a separate intermediate compressor for the flash gasses. An orifice or control valve at the evaporator 3 can regulate the flow of slurry into the evaporator. Referring again to FIG. Jones, 1998a, Performance of a Two-Stage Refrigeration under Several Control Schemes, IChemE Research Event 1998 This trickle feed gas helps keep refrigerant solids from collecting at the valve 18 and clogging the valve 18. There are four types of two-stage compression refrigeration cycle: 1.Complete Cooling in the middle of two throttles, 2.incomplete cooling in the middle of two throttles, 3.complete cooling in the middle of one throttle. A two stage cascade system has high temperature cycle and low temperature cycle. 1; FIG. A condenser receiving tank 16 has an upper inlet 23 for receiving refrigerant from the condenser and a lower outlet 24 for outflow of refrigerant. In a another aspect of the present invention a special slurry recirculation line is detailed. E). More lubricating oil is taken out by superheated steam, which increases the load of oil separator, makes the oil vaporize and oil vapor enter the system in large quantity and affects the heat transfer effect of the heat exchanger. These systems use an electric current and a thermocouple. In one embodiment the valve 18 is placed close to the intermediate slurry tank 37 to decrease the size of solid refrigerant particles deposited into the intermediate slurry tank 37. Referring to FIGS. However, it will be understood that invention of the direct injection system 200 could be used for injecting any liquid or slurry into any container, where the liquid or slurry either exhibits a tendency to freeze within expansion valves or where particle growth tend to occur during a pressure drop. Since the low stage is adequate to meet household comfort demands 80% of the time, a two-stage unit runs for longer periods and produces more even temperatures. A refrigerator expansion line as claimed in, 28. Further the choice of the expansion pressure to just below the triple point reduces the amount of flash gas generated. It will be understood that similar control systems could be used to monitor and control the flow through any conduit of the present invention. 3, in a further aspect of the present invention, the conduit 19 may further comprise a valve 18 to control the flow of refrigerant through the conduit. In the following description, for purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. 25. In order to prevent the saturated liquid from the intercooler from flash into steam in the pipeline, the distance between the intercooler and the evaporator is usually required to be close. A fourth conduit 19′ connects the receiver to the second inlet of the mixing tank 17′. As used herein, the end of the direct injection system 200 that is to be inserted in a tank will be referred to as the distal end and the opposite end referred to as the proximal end, and such designations shall apply to all components to be described herein. A refrigeration recirculation line comprising: a slurry tank, for a vapor and a slurry of solid sublimatable particles in a liquid, having an inlet and an outlet; a first conduit connected to the slurry tank outlet; a recycle line connected to the first conduit and to the slurry tank inlet, wherein the slurry tank inlet is tangential to the vertical curvature of the slurry tank wall; and. A second conduit 7′ connects the evaporator outlet 8′ to the first separator inlet 9′. Preferably the gas is the same substance as the refrigerant. It will be understood that the aspects of the invention described above in relation to the conduit 19, the valve 18, and the valve seat 101, may be practiced along other conduits in the refrigeration system of the present invention, as well as other refrigeration systems, and other devices where pressure drops may cause freezing conditions. Location at the freezer may not be possible if the main slurry tank 36 is too large. The low-pressure gas from the evaporator (P 0) is compressed to the intermediate pressure (Pm) through the low-pressure stage compressor, cooled by the intermediate cooler and then into the high-pressure stage compressor, compressed to the condensing pressure (PK) into the condenser. This upward slope minimizes the amount of fluid in contact with the valve 18 when it is shut, which in turn minimizes the risks of the valve 18 freezing shut. The condenser sends the condensate to the condenser receiving tank. The exhaust temperature is high, the lubricating oil becomes thin, the lubricating condition is weakened, even the oil will appear carbon phenomenon, and must use the high ignition point lubricating oil. The saturation… The pump may not only be provided to move slurry from the main slurry tank to the intermediate slurry tank 37, but also may be provided to create and maintain the pressure in the intermediate slurry tank 37 below the triple point of the refrigerant. 21. A single stage, on a call for cooling, will operate at 100% of capacity while the two-stage and the modulating systems have stages based on demand. 1 and 2, illustrating the prior art refrigeration system of Strong, the figure numbering convention will include a (′) to indicate that it is a feature of the prior art. A professional chiller factory with all types of aquarium chiller, hydroponic chiller, cold plunge pool chiller, glycol chiller, industrial water chiller supplier from China. Two-stage cascade systems. Referring to FIG. Six types of two-stage vapor compression cycle system have been analyzed using R22 ad Ammonia as the refrigerants. A refrigeration system is described. Heat exchange for additional supercooling of the liquid refrigerant 5. A refrigerator direct injection system as claimed in, 33. The liquid CO2 is expanded either on its way to the intermediate slurry tank 37 or in the tank itself. In one embodiment a pump 43 located in the third conduit 30 can also be used to raise the pressure of the slurry for introduction into the intermediate slurry tank 37. In one embodiment, a vortex breaking baffle 65 may also be positioned at the bottom of the slurry tank 36. The linear actuator may also be connected to the spindle 211 by a connector 221. Standard valves have an initial opening of the downstream side of the valve at the handle position of about 10% open. For example:-35 / + 35 °C system: evaporation temperature-35 °C, evapor… These solid CO2 particles are mixed into the slurry in intermediate slurry tank 37. Solution for A two-stage refrigeration system operates with ammonia refrigerant flowing at the rate of 15 kg/min through the evaporator. Socket 231 may include a fastening cross pin 233. A two-stage refrigeration system includes an intermediate slurry tank for receiving and storing a refrigerant vapor and a slurry of solid sublimatable refrigerant particles in a liquid. A third conduit 13′ connects the second outlet of the separator 12′ to the compressor inlet 11′. The seat comprises a ring shaped base comprising an outer ring 105 and an inner ring 109 connected by a depression 107. The needle 203 is specially shaped so that the needle 203 may seal outlet 205. The trickle feed gas may be supplied to the system by conduit 37 placed in fluid flow communication with conduit 19. At such ultra-low temperatures, a common single-refrigerant two-stage compression system limits the low-temperature characteristics of the refrigerant to a considerably poor level, making the system significantly inefficient. For solids in a suspension, the settling rate is determined by the flow within the control boundary, whereas shear has little effect on the settling rate. With the increase of throttling loss, the refrigerating capacity of the compressor decreases. 8 shows the recycle line 60 connected to conduit 30 down stream of pump 43, however it will be understood that a recycle line could be placed downstream of any pump of any tank in the refrigeration system. A refrigeration recirculation line as claimed in, 39. Further savings can be achieved by removing process heat at the … Owner name: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:FRIGOSCANDIA EQUIPMENT AB;REEL/FRAME:040823/0836. wherein a gas trickle feed into the supply conduit to reduce the collection of solids in and around the valve. (hereinafter Strong) describes a refrigeration system using a slurry of solid refrigerant particles of a first substance and a liquid of a second substance. The inlet 61 may be tangential to the vertical curvature of the slurry tank wall. Two-stage refrigeration system built with Dorin compressors running on R22 built in the late 1970s. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention can be practices without these specific details. 3.The compressor power consumption increases, the exhaust temperature increases. It is also an option for the seat 101 to be a characterized seat, as is understood in the art, so that there is linearity between the position of the valve 18 handle and the valve opening size. The refrigerant must also be capable of sublimating at a temperature and pressure appropriate for refrigeration, while the liquid remains in liquid form at this temperature and pressure. In one embodiment either the trickle feed gas and/or the vapor de-plug vapor may be CO2. Here are some reasons will inform you. While the preferred embodiment of the invention has been illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. A conduit 19 connects the condenser receiving tank outlet 24 to the second intermediate slurry tank inlet 17. The low-pressure and low-temperature refrigerant vapor produced in the evaporator is sucked up by the low-pressure compressor and compressed into the superheated vapor of the intermediate pressure, and then enters the intermediate cooler of the same pressure and is cooled into dry saturated vapor in the intercooler. The rotor 225 is positioned in face-to-face relationship with the expansion valve seat 227. 9 Energy and Exergy Analysis of Refrigeration Systems DOI: The minimum temperature can be achieved by two-stage compression at ± 65°C, while the three-stage compression can attain about ± 100°C. an intermediate slurry tank for a refrigerant vapor and a slurry of solid sublimatable refrigerant particles in a liquid having a first outlet for outflow of the slurry, a second outlet for outflow of the vapor, and a first inlet for receiving the refrigerant; an evaporator having an inlet and an outlet; a first conduit connecting the first outlet of the intermediate slurry tank and the evaporator inlet; a compression system having a first low pressure inlet and second intermediate pressure inlet, and having a high pressure outlet; a second conduit connecting the evaporator outlet and the first low pressure inlet of the compression system; a third conduit connecting the second outlet of the intermediate slurry tank and the second intermediate pressure inlet of the compression system; a condenser having a condenser inlet and a condenser outlet; a fourth conduit connecting the compression system outlet and the condenser inlet; a condenser receiving tank having an inlet for receiving refrigerant and an outlet for receiving refrigerant; a fifth conduit connecting the condenser outlet and the condenser receiving tank inlet; and. An alternative embodiment is to have no slope or downward slope to the conduit 19 and a small trap just before the valve 18 to create a gas pocket when the valve 18 is closed. 4 illustrates a valve seat according to a further aspect of the present invention; FIG. The … Wilson, and W.E. A refrigerator direct injection system as claimed in, 36. valve 18) to the intermediate slurry tank 37. When the rotor 225 is rotated with respect to the expansion valve seat 227 into registry with the seat opening 228, the rotor 225 controls the amount of flow through the outlet 228 by allowing flow when openings 229 line up with the seat opening 228, and stopping flow when openings 229 do not line up with the seat opening 228. The prior art of Strong describes agitating the bottoms of mixing tank 37′ substance as the refrigerant rate 15. Systems and the clogging of the downstream side of the compressor is greatly reduced JON ALMON, Strong, RICHARD. 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