Exam 2 Review 3. If you notice that you are having difficulty breathing, contact your physician, especially if this has come on suddenly. Factors that can cause a low respiration rate include: Drug overdose : An overdose of certain drugs, such as narcotics, can depress the breathing drive in the brain leading to low respiration rates. Icons. Any number of things can inhibit or affect the comfort of breathing. Long-press on the background to add labels, undo, and paste. Two of these are strong emotions, as well as pain acting through the limbic system, which activate sympathetic centers in the hypothalamus. Acid–base balance: Alterations in acid–base balance (especially acidosis) commonly result in increased rate and depth of respirations (hyperventilation). For instance during muscular exercise metabolic activities are increased and the demand for oxygen […] Acidaemia increases the respiratory rate by acting on the central chemoreceptors. Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. For example, if you are swimming, you can hold your breath for extended periods of time. Several factors can affect respiratory rate and depth. Among many illnesses being the causes, there are outside factors that can make breathing difficult. 4. Respiration is the act of in haling and exhaling. It is a dose-response, negative-feedback relationship in which the greater the stimulus, the greater the response. The rate and depth of respiration (pulmonary ventilation per minute) is adjusted according to requirement of the body. The respiratory rate and the depth of inspiration are regulated by the medulla oblongata and pons; however, these regions of the brain do so in response to systemic stimuli. Factors Influencing Respiratory Rate: Physical Factors-Talking, coughing, and exercise can modify the rate and depth of breathing. Another factor that can influence breathing rate is allergic reactions to stimuli from the environment, such as pollen. Breathing Rate & Depth (determinant factors (PCO2 (major stimulus for…: Breathing Rate & Depth ... Long-press on an item to remove items, change color, auto-arrange, cross-link, copy, and more. 1. Brain lesions: Lesions of the brain (such as hemorrhage or tumors) or brainstem can cause a change in both the depth and rate of respirations, most commonly manifested as Cheyne-Stokes respirations. Name three physical factors that can modify respiratory rate or depth. Most notably, PaCO2 influences the minute volume (i.e. It is a dose-response, positive-feedback relationship in which the greater the stimulus, the greater the response. Hypoxia increases the respiratory rate, but hyperoxia does not suppress it. In some cases, you do have the ability to control your breathing rate. It receives input from sensors that detect oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the blood. Blood pH -- a reflection of its relative acidity or alkalinity -- also influences respiratory rate. hypercapnia increases the respriatory rate). Factors That Affect the Rate and Depth of Respiration. Respiratory rate and minute volume are affected by a multitude of factors. The brain is the primary controller of respiratory rate. The respiratory rate and the depth of inspiration are regulated by the medulla oblongata and pons; however, these regions of the brain do so in response to systemic stimuli. Increased body temperature causes an increase in the rate of breathing. Exercise (can cause an increase in ventilation) Laughing (causes short bouts of air to be released immediately after inspiration) Coughing (causes air to be purposely forced out of the lungs to clear the lower respiratory passages) 2. In most cases, your body controls your breathing automatically, without you having to think about it. Breathing by Choice. 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